Cáncer oral. Factores de riesgo y cambio de tendencia epidemiológica / Oral cancer. Risk factors and change in epidemiological trend

Introducción: El cáncer oral continúa siendo una de las causas de aumento de la morbi-mortalidad en el mundo. Con una incidencia aproximada de 377 mil casos y una mortalidad de 177 mil en el 2020, siendo el carcinoma oral de células escamosas (COCE) el más frecuente. Esta neoplasia afecta predominantemente a hombres y su incidencia aumenta con la edad. Hasta los 80 años, el varón presenta un 40,9% de padecer cáncer y en el caso de las mujeres presentan un 27,0%. A los 85 años, este riesgo aumenta un 49,1% en hombres y un 31,8% en mujeres. Objetivo: Conocer el perfil del paciente con cáncer oral en cuanto a sexo y edad, e identificar los posibles factores etiopatogénicos relacionados con la aparición de ese proceso neoplásico. Material y método: Se realiza un estudio de tipo observacional, descriptivo y retrospectivo en el Servicio de Cirugía Oral y Maxilofacial del Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal en el periodo comprendido entre 2004 y 2020. Este estudio ha sido aprobado por el comité de ética de investigación del citado hospital. Resultados: Nuestra muestra ha estado constituida por 46 hombres y 40 mujeres. Todos ellos padecen COCE y tienen una edad media de 66 años ± 14.0 años (66.37; IC al 95%). La mayoría de los pacientes de la muestra han estado concentrados en las décadas de los 60 a los 80 años. Los factores de riesgo más relevantes como predictores de esta enfermedad han sido el tabaco y el alcohol. Los sitios de predilección del carcinoma oral han sido la lengua, la mucosa yugal y el suelo de boca, siendo las localizaciones más frecuentes en el caso de las mujeres la lengua (57,14% vs 42,85%), el reborde alveolar (54,54% vs 45,45%) y la tuberosidad del maxilar (100% vs 0%). (AU)

Introduction: Oral cancer continues to be one of the causes of increased morbidity and mortality in the world. With an approximate incidence of 377 thousand cases and a mortality of 177 thousand in 2020, being oral squamous cell carcinoma (COCE) the most frequent. This neoplasm predominantly affects men and its incidence increases with age. Until the age of 80, men have 40.9% of cancer and in the case of women they have 27.0%. At age 85, this risk increases by 49.1% in men and 31.8% in women. Objective: To know the profi le of the patient with oral cancer in terms of sex and age, and to identify the possible etiopathogenic factors related to the appearance of this neoplastic process. Material and method: An observational, descriptive and retrospective study was carried out in the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Service of the Ramón y Cajal University Hospital in the period between 2004 and 2020. This study has been approved by the ethics and research committee of the aforementioned hospital. Results: Our sample consisted of 46 men and 40 women. All of them suffer from COCE and have an average age of 66 years ± 14.0 years (66.37; 95% CI). Most of the patients in the sample have been concentrated in the 60s to 80s. The most relevant risk factors as predictors of this disease have been tobacco and alcohol. The sites of predilection of oral carcinoma have been the tongue, the jugal mucosa and the fl oor of the mouth, being the most frequent locations in the case of women the tongue (57.14% vs 42.85%), the alveolar ridge (54.54% vs 45.45%) and the tuberosity of the maxilla (100% vs 0%). (AU)

Acculturation and Dental Caries Among Children in Spain.

This study explored the relationship between different indicators of acculturation and children's caries experience. Data from 313 children attending the Dental Clinic of the European University of Madrid were analysed. Acculturation was measured via generational status, age at arrival, length of residence and language spoken at home. The association between each indicator of acculturation and caries experience was assessed in Poisson regression models adjusting for confounders. First- and second-generation migrant children had greater caries experience than Spanish-born children. These differences only persisted for first-generation migrant children after adjustment for confounders. Children who arrived in Spain before age 6 years, who lived in Spain for 10 or more years and who spoke a language other than Spanish at home had greater caries experience than Spanish-born children. Inequalities in caries experience between migrant and native children were evident (favouring the local children) and independent of family's socioeconomic circumstances.